Tapentadol

tapentadol often sold under the brand name nucynta is a synthetic opioid analgesic similar in structure to tramadol. tapentadol has a duel mechanism of action, working on both the μ-opioid receptor and also acting as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. tapentadol is used in the management of moderate to severe pain. the subjective effects of tapentadol are similar to those of tramadol. many users report extreme pain when trying to insufflate tapentadol.

chemistry

tapentadol is similar in structure to both tramadol and dextropropoxyphene. tapentadol has one cyclic ring, unlike tramadol which has two. the empirical formula of tapentadol is c₁₄h₂₃no and has a molar mass of 221.339 grams per mole.

pharmacology

opioids exert their effects by binding to and activating the μ-opioid receptor. this occurs because opioids structurally mimic endogenous endorphins which are naturally found within the body and also work upon the μ-opioid receptor set. the way in which opioids structurally mimic these natural endorphins results in their euphoria, pain relief and anxiolytic effects. this is because endorphins are responsible for reducing pain, causing sleepiness, and feelings of pleasure. they can be released in response to pain, strenuous exercise, orgasm, or general excitement. tapentadol has an oral bioavailability of about 32%. tapentadol is metabolized by the cytochrome p450 system in the liver and is excreted by the kidneys in urine as well as in feces.

unlike most opioids, tapentadol is also a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and also has weak serotonergic effects as well.